History of San Marino
Updated: Jul 20
San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino, is a small independent country located in southern Europe. It is the world's oldest surviving sovereign state and constitutional republic, with a history dating back over 1,700 years. Since the history of this place goes so back in times, we tried to divide the majority of the events happened here in six most relevant eras.
Read on to uncover the long History of San Marino!
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History of San Marino
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Founding Era
San Marino was founded by Saint Marinus, a Christian stonemason, who established a small community on Mount Titano in 301 AD. Seeking refuge from religious persecution, Marinus and his followers established a monastic community, which later grew into the independent state of San Marino. The community's dedication to freedom and independence set the foundation for the republic.
Medieval Era
During the medieval period, San Marino faced numerous challenges but managed to maintain its independence. It established a defensive alliance with the Papal States and managed to repel various invasions and attacks. In the 13th century, San Marino adopted a constitution, the Leges Statutae Republicae Sancti Marini, which laid out the principles of governance and protected individual liberties.
Renaissance Era
San Marino remained a small, agricultural community throughout the Renaissance. It managed to maintain its independence even during the power struggles between neighboring states. In the 16th century, San Marino adopted a policy of neutrality, which helped it survive numerous conflicts and wars in the region. The republic maintained its independence despite changes in the political landscape of Italy.
Modern Era
In the early 19th century, Napoleon Bonaparte's forces occupied Italy, including the surrounding Papal States. San Marino managed to maintain its independence by paying tribute to Napoleon's regime. However, after the fall of Napoleon, the unification movement in Italy threatened San Marino's sovereignty. In 1862, San Marino's independence was formally recognized by the Kingdom of Italy.
20th century Era
San Marino remained neutral during World War I and World War II, though it faced economic challenges and shortages. After World War II, San Marino experienced a period of economic growth and modernization. It became a popular tourist destination and developed industries such as banking, tourism, and the production of ceramics and textiles.
Contemporary Era
In recent times, San Marino has continued to thrive as an independent republic. It has maintained its traditional political structure, with a directly elected council and two Captains Regent serving as heads of state. San Marino is not a member of the European Union but has close ties with Italy and uses the euro as its currency. The republic is known for its picturesque landscapes, medieval architecture, and cultural heritage.
Despite its small size, San Marino has managed to preserve its independence, democratic values, and unique identity throughout its long history. It stands as a testament to the endurance and resilience of a small state in a turbulent region.
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